Steam-turbine.



NVENTO/i" MJU Arron/Vey A. PAYWISCHEWITSGH.

` STEAM TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED 00T.l1, 1907. 91 1 ,653,- Patentedy Feb 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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ALEXANDER 'rAvwIscEEwrrson,v or MITTWEIDA, GERMANY.

:s'rEAivr-TURBINE Spe'ccation of Letterslatent. p

Patented Feb. 9, 1909.

lApplication nies oeaber 11, 1907.- seriai No. 396,963.

To all whom 'it may concern: Be it known that Lf wIsoHEwrTsoH, of Mittweida, Germany, engineer, have invented new and useful lmprovements in Steam-Turbines, of which the following is a full, clear, andfexact description, reference being madeto theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon. Every turbine-engine consists, as is Well known, of a series of disks or blades, set in turbine wheels fixed rigidly on the turbine shaft, and of another series of disks or blades fastened tothe exterior stationary casing or shell of the turbinebetween the former disks and serve to change the current of steam or gas in the proper manner. v Such an arrangement of turbine-engines admitsmovement only in one direction. v 1

The present invention affords the possibility of changing the construction of al the existing turbine-engines in such a manner as to communicate movement to them in both' directions. Y i

rlhe invention vis based on the utilization of the tendency of the directing blades of the existing turbines torotate in the direction opposite to therotation of the driving or working blades and inV the turbine, constructed. according tothe proposed invention, the directing driving blades during the return` movement.

On the `annexed drawings arev represented y diagrammatically, rangements of the proposed steam turbine of any system, Figure l representing a vertical section of the turbine of theiirst type; Fig. 2 is asimilar view of. a turbine of the second type; Fig. 3 is a diagrammaticalarrangement of the blades of the turbine; Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are details of the construction.

The turbine of the first type (Fig. 1) ris furnished with an odd-number of turbine wheels, nine for instance, (1, 2,3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8 and 9). rl`he extremeywheels l and 9 are fastened to sleeves B B, serving as bearings for the turbine shaft'A, on which the evennumberedwheels 2, 4,6 and 8 are fastened. All the odd-numbered wheels 1, 3, 5, 7 and-9 are fastened to the shell'C; rlhis shell C is inclosedin the exterior stationary casing D, furnished with openings L for the admisas an example, two arsion of steam and the exhaust o ening M and also furnished with bearings and R in which sleeves BB can rotate.

blades playl th'epartl ofl ALEXANDER FAY- i G, connected the 'opposite direction.y

The direction of the steam, the regulation and utilization of the expansion is performed in a similar manner asin the existing turbines. B (connected to 4the odd. wheels) project from both ends of the exterior shell and the extremitiesof the shaft A (connected with the even-numbered disks) `project from the former extremities.

If the sleeves B and B are retained against movement and steam is admitted to the turbine, the even-numbered Wheels will rotate with the shaft A. If on the contrary sleeves B and B are Vreleased and the shaft A is stopped, the odd-numbered wheels will rotate with the sleeves B and B, but in the reverse direction. The detention or stoppage of the shaft A or sleeves B B may be performed with the aid of sockets E, F, and E', F for instance, one half of each socket E, E being set on the sleeves B, B and the other half F, `F-on shaft A.

ylf with the aid ofthe handle Q and the levers VN, 0,1 the blocksK, K are moved in such a manner that the sockets E and F shouldcouple up the shaft A with the shaft with the propelling screw,for instance, (not shown in thedrawing), the latter will rotate in one direction; ln the case of a reverse movement of tlie levers N,`0, P, the shaft A will remain motionlessAV and sleevesB, B will be coupledwith the shaft G, in view of which fact the latter will rotate in Practice has shown that the above mentioned construction of turbine is suitable only for small engines, as the sockets 'F encounter very powerful shocks in reversing the movement of largeengines. y

`A turbine is hereinafter described, which is intended forlargeengines and is characfollowing'V peculiarities, as

terized bythe the construction heretofore compared with described; 1. The sto ping'and connection of the turbine Whee s with the` turbineshaft take place for each turbine wheel separately.

2. The hollow shaft (odd-numbered turbine .wheel shaft) is omitted in this case and l in view of this, the complicated bearing also.

The turbine of this type has only one shaft A (Fig. 2) which is connected with the working shaft q by a vspecial coupling C1.

The number of turbine wheels is not limited wheels being inand even, the odd turbine the odd-numbered tended for the forward movement Vand the even ones for the backward movement.l The working shaftg receives forward or backward movement, depending upon the turbine wheels with which the turbine shaft Ais connected (with odd or even-numbered turbine wheels).

In F ig. 2 the even numbered turbine Wheels are shown connected with the turbine shaft A, and when the steam enters the shafty g receives backward movement (opposite to the hands of a clock). On freeing the even-numbered turbine wheels and connecting them with shaft A and on stopping' turbine wheels at the same time, the shaft g receives forward movement (in the direction of the movement of the hands of a clock).

,'lhe connection of one kind of wheels with the .shaft A and the simultaneous disconnection of other turbine wheels from this shaft is performed by moving the shaft A along its axis and the alternating stopping of the turbine wheels is performed by means of special blocks 7c (for the evennumbered turbine wheels) and fc, (for the odd numbered turbine wheels). Taper wheels d (with a screw thread) are set rigi\.ly on the shaft A for the even-numbered turine wheels and wheels d, (also with a screw thread) for the odd numbered turbine wheels.

In F ig. 2 the wheelsd are coupled with the even-numbered turbine wheels and the oddnumbered turbine Wheelsare free (stopped with blocks k1).

, lf the even-numbered turbine wheels are stopped during the movement with blocks 7c, the shaft A will continue to rotate by inertia and willl become disconnected from the evennumbered turbine wheels. rThe thread is made so as not to allow the turbine wheels to move along theaxis. Besides the thread, the'odd-numbered turbine wheels are held by the pressure of theY steam on the blades, owing toY the taper surface of the wheels d, and the interior openings of the odd-numbered turbine Wheel naves. Y

The shaft A becomes disconnected from one kind of turbine wheels owing to inertia; but in order to connect it with the other kindl of turbine wheels it is necessary to give it progressive movement from the outside, this being attained with the aid of a special lever M1 and a ring L1 in the neck D1.

A There is a pressure ring T outside the shell opposite each turbine Wheel for the evennumbered turbine wheels and another ring for they odd-numbered ones (not shown in the drawings) with slots r s, according to the number of blocks. rllhe difference between the two rings consists only in the fact that the slots r s are made in reverse directions, so that during the rotation of the pressure ring in the direction of the hands of a clock, the

turbine rings T will press upon the slots und the other rings uill release them. ,lt is advantageous to malie not less than three bloelrs on each pressure ring. The block t" consists of a cushion and a stem p, which is forlied :it

terior of each turbine wheel into ulrich the cushion lr enters on the dmriiu'anl pressure, oll the same. I he stopping and release of the turbine wheels tal-les place. ou ing to the rotation of the pressure rings in either direction. All the pressure rings are connected together in such a manner as to afford the possibility of pressing or lowering :all the even-numbered turbine wheels simultaneously and to lower cr press all the odd-numbered turbine Wheels simultaneously. 'llie suchet (l, between the shafts A and y; u1'- ranged in such a manner as to inelao it possible for the shaft A to have certain progressive movement along the axis rfithout breaking its connection with the shaft yl.

What l claim as new is:

1. in a steam turbine of the character described, the con'ibination .vith a turbine shaft, of means for moving the saine axially, a series of turbine wheels and means by said turbine shaft for engaging alternate turbine wheels whereby certain of said blades may revolve and the remainder of said wheels remain stationary, substantially as described.

2. In a steam turbine of the class dcscribed, the combination with a turbine shaft, of a series of blocks carried by said shaft, adjacent blocks .having their surfaces inclined in opposite directions, means for moving the same axially and a plurality of turbine Wheels having bearings inclined correspondingly to the inclination of the blocks whereby when said shaft is moved axially certain of the turbine wheels are caused to engage with the blocks and are given rotary motion, and other of the wheels arc released from the blocks and remain stationary, sul stantially as described.

In a steam turbine of the class described, the combination with a turbine shaft, of means for moving the same axially, a plurality of blocks carried by said shaft, :idjacent blocks having their surfaces inclined in opposite directions and threaded, a plurality of turbine Wheels having threaded bearings inclined in accordance with the in.- elination of the blocks, and means for causing certain of said turbine Wheels to be engaged by the blocks and to revolve with the shaft, and other of said turbine wheels to be released from the blocks and remain stationary, substantially as described.

In a steam turbine of the class described, the combination with a turbine shaft, of a plurality of turbine wheels, means carried for moving the shaft axially, means carried by the shaft whereby certain predetermined turbine Wheels may be coupled to the shaft, and means exterior tothe turbine Wheels for holding certain other of said turbine Wheels stationary, substantially as described.

5. In a steam turbine of the class described, the combination With a turbine shaft, of a plurality of blocks carriedthereby,

a plurality of turbine Wheels adapted to be engaged by said blocks and causedto revolve With the shaft, means for moving the shaft axially to release certain of said Wheels and engage others thereof, and pressure rings adapted to bear upon said turbine'wheels, substantially as described. y

6. 1n a steam turbine of the class described, the combination With a stationary casing provided With steam inlet and exhaust openings, of a turbine shaft journaled in said casing, a plurality of blocks carried by said shaft, a plurality of turbine Wheels adapted to engage the blocks andV rotate With the shaft, cushion blocks adapted to contact with the peripheries of said lturbine Wheels, and pressure rings arranged in series and adapted press the cushion blocks against the turbine Wheels, substantially as described..

7. ln a steam turbine of the class described, the combination With a casing, of a shaft mounted therein, a plurality of blocks carried by said shaft, each of said blocks presenting the appearance of two truncated cones base to base, and a plurality of turbine Wheels each of which has its nave formed to engage one of the said cones, substantially as described.

8. 1n a steam turbine of the class described, the combination With a casing of a shaft mounted therein, a plurality of blocks carried by said shaft, each said block presenting the appearance of tWo truncated cones base to base, a plurality of turbine Wheels, the naves of adjacent blades being inclined in opposite directions, and means for moving the shaft axially to cause predetermined blccks to engage predetermined turbine Wheels, substantially as described.

9. In a steam turbine of the class described/the combination With a casing, of a shaft mounted therein, a lurality of blocks carried by said shaft eaclh said block presenting the appearance of two truncated cones base' to base, a plurality of turbine Wheels having naves inclined to correspond With the shape of the block surfaces, means for moving the shaft axially to cause the engagement of certain turbine Wheels With certain blocks, and means for securing against movement those turbine Wheels not in engagement With the blocks, substantially as described.

1n testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of tWo subscribing Witnesses.

ALEXANDER FAYWISCHEWITSCH.

Witnesses:

HBT. APPLEYARD, W. J. KONJETSNY. 

